Let us Learn Computer Science: Practical Programs

1. PROGRAM TO INSERT AN ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

Program to insert an element in a sorted array at an appropriate position .

#include<iostream.h>

void insertar(int a[ ], int num, int val) //n is the number of elements in the array

{ int i=num-1;

while (i>=0 && a[i]>val)

{

a[i+1]=a[i]; // shift the element one position towards right

i--;

}

a[i+1]=val; //insertion of item at appropriate place

}

void main()

{ int a[20]={1,2,3,5,7,12,15,19,24},count=9;

int i=0;

cout<<“Original array is:\n”;

for(i=0;i<count;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

insertar(a,count++, 10);

cout<<”\n Array after inserting 10 is:\n”;

for(i=0; i<count; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

}

2. Program to delete an integer element at position k in an array having n elements.

#include<iostream.h>

void deletar(int a[ ], int n, int item) //n is the number of elements already present in the array

{int i=0;

while(i<n && a[i]<item)

i++;

if (a[i]==item) // given item is found

{while (i<n)

{a[i]=a[i+1]; // shift the (i+1)th element one position towards left

i++;

}

cout<<”\n Given item is successfully deleted”;

}

else

cout<<”\n Given item is not found in the array”;

n--;

}

void main()

{int a[10]={2,4,5,7,8,11,12,15},n=8;

int i=0;

cout<<“Original array is :\n”;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

delete_item(a,n,11);

cout<<”\nArray after deleting 11 is:\n”;

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

}

3. Program to traverse all the elements of an array

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

{ int ar[20],i,n;

cout<<”\n enter the number of elements of the array :” ;

cin>>n; //number of elements in the array

if((n<=20) // checking the length of array should not exceed its maximum capacity

{ cout<<”\n enter the elements of the array : ”;

for(i=0;i<n;i++) // loop to accept n elements of the array
cin>>ar[i];

cout<<”\n elements of the array are :”;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<endl<<ar[i];

}

else

cout<<”\n array may have upto 20 elements”;

}

4. PROGRAM TO ADD TWO MATRICES

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int a[2][3],b[2][3],c[2][3],d,e,f;

cout<< "First matrix.\n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{ cout<< "Enter the number: ";

cin>> a[d][e]; }

}

cout<< "\n Second matrix.\n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{ cout<< "Enter the number: ";

cin>> b[d][e]; }

}

cout<< "\nSum of matrices : \n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{

cout<< a[d][e]+b[d][e] << '\t';

}

cout<< endl;

}

getch();

}

5. PROGRAM TO FIND DIFFERENCE OF TWO MATRICES.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int a[2][3],b[2][3],c[2][3],d,e,f;

cout<< "First matrix.\n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{ cout<< "Enter the number: ";

cin>> a[d][e]; }

}

cout<< "\n Second matrix.\n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{ cout<< "Enter the number: ";

cin>> b[d][e]; }

}

cout<< "\n Difference of matrices(a-b) : \n";

for (d=1;d<=2;d++)

{

for (e=1;e<=3;e++)

{

cout<< a[d][e]+b[d][e] << '\t';

}

cout<< endl;

}

getch();

}

6. Program to find the transpose of the matrix

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int a[3][3],i,j;

cout<<"Enter the matrix"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{for(j=0;j<3;j++)

cin>>a[i][j];

}

cout<<"matrix is"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl;

}

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{

if(i==0||i==1&&j==2)

{int t=a[i][j];

a[i][j]=a[j][i];

a[j][i]=t;

}

cout<<"transpose of the matrix is"<<endl;

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

{for(j=0;j<3;j++)

cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl;

}

getch();

}

7. Program to sort a list of numbers using Bubble Sort
// Bubble Sorting
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int a[20];
inti,j,n,t;
cout<<"\n Enter the number of elements(>20) : ";
cin>>n;
if(n>20)
cout<<"\n List size cannot exceed 20 ";
else
{
cout<<"\n Enter the elements : \n ";
// accepting the list of elements
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
// Sorting
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cout<<"\n Pass : "<<i+1;
for(j=0;j<(n-i);j++)
{
if(a[j+1]<a[j])
{
t=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
cout<<"\n";
for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[k];
}
cout<<"\n The sorted list is : ";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i];
cout<<"\n Have a nice day ";
}
}

8: Program to delete an element from a given list of numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void deletar(int a[ ], int n, int item) //n is the number of elements in the array

{ int i=0;

while(i<n && a[i]<item)

i++;

if (a[i]==item) // given item is found

{ while (i<n)

{ a[i]=a[i+1]; // shift the (i+1)th element one position towards left

i++;

}

cout<<"\n Given item is successfully deleted";

n--;

}

else

cout<<"\n Given item is not found in the array";

}

void main()

{ clrscr();

int a[10]={2,4,5,7,8,11,12,15},n=8;

int i=0;

cout<<"Original array is :\n";

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<" , ";

deletar(a,n,11);

cout<<"\n Array after deleting 11 is:\n";

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<", ";

}

9. Program to insert an element at appropriate position in a sorted array.

#include<iostream.h>

void insertar(int a[ ], int num, int val) //n is the number of elements in the array

{ int i=num-1;

while (i>=0 && a[i]>val)

{

a[i+1]=a[i]; // shift the element one position towards right

i--;

}

a[i+1]=val; //insertion of item at appropriate place

}

void main()

{

int a[20]={1,2,3,5,7,12,15,19,24},count=9;

int i=0;

cout<<"Original array is:\n";

for(i=0;i<count;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<",";

insertar(a,count++, 10);

cout<<"\n Array after inserting 10 is:\n";

for(i=0; i<count; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<", ";

}

10. Program to sort a list of numbers using selection sort.

#include<iostream.h>

void selection_sort(int a[ ], int size)

{ int i, j, pos, min;

for(i=0;i<size-1;i++)

{ min=a[i]; // initialize min with ith element of unsorted array

pos=i; // pos saves index value of the smallest element

//loop for selecting the smallest element form unsorted array

for(j=i+1; j<size; j++)

{if(a[j]<min)

{ min=a[j]; // overwriting min with least value found

pos=j; //pos saves the index value of smallest element

}

// swapping the next smallest value with ith value to its appropriate location

a[pos]=a[i];

a[i]=min

}

void main( )

{ int a[10],n,i;

cout<<”\n Enter the number of elements in the list : “;

cin>>n;

cout<<”\n Enter values in the array is :\n”;

for(i=0;i<n ;i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

select_sort(a,n);

cout<<”\n The sorted array is:\n”;

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<”, “;

}

Output is

Enter the number of elements in the list : 5

Enter values in the array is :

The sorted array is:

11. Program to sort a list of numbers using insertion sort.

#include<iostream.h>

void insertsort( int ar[]))

{ intj,k,tmp,min;

for(j=1; j<n-1;j++)

{ min=ar[j];

for( k=0;k<j;k++)

{ if(ar[k]>ar[j])

{ tmp=ar[j];

for(pos=j;pos>k;pos++) // loop for shifting the elements

ar[pos]=ar[pos-1];

}

void main()

{int num[20];

cout<<”\n Enter the number of elements in the array (max 20) : ” ;

cin>>n;

if(n<=20)

{ cout<<”\n Enter the elements of the array : \n ”;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cin>>num[i];

insert(num);

cout<<”\n The sorted list is : “;

for(i=0;i<n; i++)

cout<<”\n”<<num[i];

}

Output :

Enter the number of elements in the array (max 20) : 6

Enter the elements of the array :

The sorted list is :

12.Program to sort a list using insertion sort and showing the status of list after every pass.

#include "iostream.h"

void main()

{

int a[10],i,j,pos,k,tmp;

cout<<"\n Enter the number of elements : ";

int n;

cin>>n;

cout<<"\n Enter the elements of array : ";

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cin>>a[i];

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{ for(j=0;j<i;j++)

{ if(a[i]<a[j])

{ pos=i;

tmp=a[i];

while( pos>j)

{ a[pos]=a[pos-1];

pos--;

}

a[j]=tmp;

}

cout<<"After pass : "<<i+1<<" - ";

for(int m=0;m<n;m++) cout<<"\t"<<a[m];

cout<<endl;

}

cout<<"\n the sorted array is : \n ";

for(i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<"\t "<<a[i];

cout<<"\n _____________________";

}

13. Program to implement merge sort

#include<iostream.h>

void Mergesort(int a[ ], int m, int b[n], int c[ ])// m is size of array a and n is the size of array b

{ int i=0; // i points to the smallest element of the array a which is at index 0

int j=0;// j points to the smallest element of the array b which is at the index m-1 since b is

int k=0; // k is index counter for array C

while((i<m)&&(j<n))

{ if(a[i]<b[j])

c[k++]=a[i++]; // copy value from a into c and then increment i and k

else

c[k++]=b[j++]; // copy value b into array c and then increment j and k

}

while(i<m) //copy all remaining elements of array a, if not copied

c[k++]=a[i++];

while(j>=0) //copy all remaining elements of array b, if not copied

c[k++]=b[j--];

}

void main()

{ int array1[10], array2[10], marray[20];

int a1,b1,c1, i,j,k;

// accept values of array a and array b;

cout<<”\n enter the number of elements if first array array1: ”;

cin>>a1;

cout<<”\n enter elements of array1 in ascending order : ”;

for(int i=0;i<a1;i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<”\n enter the number of elements of second array b”;

cin>>b1;

cout<<”\n enter elements of array2 in ascending array : ”;

for(int i=0;i<b1;i++)

cin>>b[i];

mergesot(array1, a1, array2, a2, marray);

cout<<”the merged array is :\n”;

for(int i=0; i<(a1+a2); i++)

cout<<marray[i]<<”, “;

}

14. Program to declare a class student in C++.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class student
{
int r;
char name[20],ad[40];
public:
void input();
void display();
};
void student::input()
{
cout<<"Enter details";
cin>>r>>name>>ad;
}
void student::display()
{
cout<<r<<"\t"<<endl;
cout<<name<<endl;
cout<<ad<<endl;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
student s;
s.input();
s.display();
getch();
}

15. Program to read data of employees and insert it in a file

#include<fstream.h>

#inlude<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

class Employee()

{

int empid;

char empname[10];

char empdesg[10];

public:

void input()

{

while(ch=='Y'||ch=='y')

{

cout<<" Enter the Employee name\n";

gets(empname);

cout<<" Enter the Employee id\n";

cin>>empid;

cout<<" Enter the Employee disignation\n";

gets(empdesg);

cout<<" Do you want to continue?(Y\y\N\n)\n";

cin>>ch;

}

};

void main()

{

clrscr();

Employee obj;

ifstream fin;

fin.open("Employee.dat",ios::in);

while(!fin.eof)

{

fin.write((char*)&obj,size of(obj);

}

16. Program to illustrate destructors in C++

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{
int rollno;
char name[20];
public:
student()
{
rollno=5;
strcpy(name,"aman rana");
}
~student()
{
cout<<"destructor program is over";
}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
student s;
getch();

}

Program to calculate salary of employees

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class employ
{
int eno,el;
char ename[40];
float gross,sal;
char salary();
float calcsal(int sal,int el)

{
float grossal= sal+(sal*0.3)+(sal*0.4)-(sal*el)/30;
return (grossal);
}

public:

void getdata()
{
float gross;
cout<<"enter the details";
}

void display()
{
cout<<ename<<sal<<el<<eno;
cout<<gross;
}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
employ r1;
r1.getdata();
r1.display();
getch();
}

Program to count number of times a word appears in a file.

#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{clrscr();
int i=0;
char ch[15],c[10];
ifstream obj("villager.txt");
cout<<"enter the word to be searched";cin>>c;
while(!obj.eof())
{
obj>>ch;
if(strcmp(ch,c)==0)
{ i++ ;}
}
cout<<"number of times "<<c<<" appears on file is";
cout<<i;
obj.close();
getch();
}

Program to assign grades to student
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
class stud
{
int rno,age;
public:
void input();
void disp();
int retroll();
};
void stud::input()
{
cout<<"ENTER THE ROLL NO OF STUDENT";
cin>>rno;
cout<<"ENTER THE AGE OF STUDENT";
cin>>age;
}
void stud::disp()
{
cout<<"THE ROLL NO OF STUDENT IS"<<rno;
cout<<"THE AGE OF STUDENT IS"<<age;
}
int stud::retroll()
{
return rno;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
char ch='y';
do
{
cout<<"ENTER 1. TO ACCEPT RECORD,2. TO DISPLAY RECORDS,3.TO SEARCH RECORD";
cin>>a;
switch(a)
{
case 1:{stud s;
s.input();
ofstream ofile("sample.dat",ios::binary);
ofile.write((char*)&s,sizeof(s));
ofile.close();
break;
}
case 2:{stud s1;
ifstream infile("sample.dat",ios::binary);
while(infile)
{
infile.read((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1));
s1.disp();
}
infile.close();
break;
}
case 3:{stud s2;
int t,g=0;
cout<<"ENTER THE ROLL NO TO SEARCH";
cin>>t;
ifstream infile("sample.dat",ios::binary);
while(infile)
{infile.read((char*)&s2,sizeof(s2));
if(s2.retroll()==t)
{cout<<"record found";
s2.disp();
}
else
g++;
}
if(g)
cout<<"record not found";
infile.close();
break;
}
default :{cout<<"invalid choice";}
}
cout<<"enter y or Y to continue";
cin>>ch;
}while((ch=='y')||(ch=='Y'));
getch();
}

Program to accept details of a student and calculate the percentage.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h >
class student
{ int rollno;
char name[20];
float marks[5],percent;
float calcpercent();
public:
void input();
void display();
}s[3];
float student::calcpercent()
{int i;
float total=0,p;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
total+=marks[i];
percent=total/5;
return(p);
}
void student::input()
{ int i=0;
cout<<"rollno,name,marks"<<endl;
cin>>rollno>>name;
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
{cin>>marks[5];
percent=calcpercent();
}
void student::display();
{int i;
cout<<"rollno. "<<rollno<<endl;
cout<<"name "<<name<<endl;
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
cout<<marks[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl<<percent;
}
void main();
{clrscr();
int i;
for(i=0;i<=3;i++)
{s[i].input();
s[i].display();
}
getch();
}

/*write a program to accept minimum 5 names from the user and write these names
onto a file name"FILE .TXT"*/
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char name[10];int i;
ofstream fin("DST.TXT",ios::in);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
cout<<"\n\t enter the 5 names of the student";
cin>>name;
fin<<name<<endl;
}
fin.close();
ifstream f2("DST.TXT",ios::out);
cout<<"\n\t the names are "<<endl;
while (!f2.eof())
{
f2>>name;
cout<<name;
}
f2.close();
getch();
}

Programme to search ofr a word in a file.
#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int strcmp(char s[], char f[])
{ int i,j;
for(i=0;s[i]!='\0';i++);
for(j=0;f[j]!='\0';j++);
if(i==j)
{
for(i=0;i<=j;i++)
if(s[i]!=f[i])
return 1;
return 0;
}
else
return 1;
}

void main()
{ clrscr();
int i,j;
char sname[20],fname[20];
ifstream f1("sfile.txt",ios::in);
int c=0;
cout<<"\n Enter name to be searched ";
cin>>sname;
while(f1)
{ f1>>sname;
cout<<" : "<<sname;
if(strcmp(sname,fname)==0)
{ cout<<"name found";
c++;
}

}
if(c==0)
cout<<"\n Name not found ";
f1.close();
}

Q: Program to accept three names and count number of times character 'a' appears in the file.

#include<fstream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char n[20];
cout<<endl;
ofstream fin;
fin.open("random.txt", ios::app);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
cin>>n;
fin<<n<<" ";

}
fin.close();
char cc;
int cnt=0;
ifstream fi("random.txt");
while(fi)
{ fi>>cc;
if(cc=='a')
cnt++;
}
cout<<"\n a appears "<<cnt <<" number of times";
fi.close();

}

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