What is Computer?
Computer is a device that takes data as input from the user, processes it and gives the processed output.
It can perform both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
It works the principle of I-P-O Cycle
INPUT - PROCESS - OUTPUT
Basic functions of a computer:
a. Data Input
b. Data Processing
c. Give Output
d. Saves results in a Storage device
Computer System has a:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Firmware
4. Liveware
Hardware
All the physical and tangible components of Computer are called Hardware. In other words all the components that we can touch come under the category of Hardware eg Keyboard, Mouse
Software
Software is a set of instructions or a program that contains guidelines for a program. Without the use of software a hardware cannot work.eg. Printer, Mouse MS Office etc.
Firmware
Instructions written/embedded on a hardware are known as firmware e.g., BIOS instruction on ROM chip are called Firmware.
Liveware
Persons or the users, using Computers in day to day activity are known as liveware.
Generations of computer:
First Generation (1940-56):
The first generation computers used Vacuum tubes & Machine language was used for giving the
instructions. These computer were large in size & their programming was difficult task. The electricity consumption was very high. Some computers of this generation are ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC& UNIVAC-1.
Second Generation(1956-63):
In 2nd generation computers, Vacuum tubes were replaced by Transistors. They required only 1/10 of power required by Vacuum tubes. This generation computers generated less heat & were reliable. The first operating system developed in this generation.
The Third Generation(1964-71):
The 3rd generation computers replaced transistors with Integrated circuit known as chip. From
Small scale integrated circuits which had 10 transistors per chip, technology developed to MSI circuits with 100 transistors per chip. These computers were smaller, faster & more reliable. High level languages invented in this generation.
The fourth Generation(1972- present):
LSI & VLSI were used in this generation. As a result microprocessors came into existence. The computers using this technology known to be Micro Computers. High capacity hard disk were invented. There is great development in data communication.
The Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond):
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come.
Units of Memory:
The smallest unit is bit, which mean either 0 or 1.
1 bit = 0 or 1
1 Byte = 8 bit
1 Nibble = 4 bit
1 Kilo Byte = 1024 Byte= 210 Byte
1 Mega Byte = 1024 KB= 210 KB
1 Gega Byte = 1024 MB= 210 MB
1 Tera Byte = 1024 GB= 210 GB
1 Peta Byte =1024 TB= 210 TB
1 Exa Byte =1024 PB= 210 PB
1 Zetta Byte = 1024 EB= 210 EB
1 Yotta Byte = 1024 ZB= 210 ZB
Computer is a device that takes data as input from the user, processes it and gives the processed output.
It can perform both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
It works the principle of I-P-O Cycle
INPUT - PROCESS - OUTPUT
Basic functions of a computer:
a. Data Input
b. Data Processing
c. Give Output
d. Saves results in a Storage device
Computer System has a:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Firmware
4. Liveware
Hardware
All the physical and tangible components of Computer are called Hardware. In other words all the components that we can touch come under the category of Hardware eg Keyboard, Mouse
Software
Software is a set of instructions or a program that contains guidelines for a program. Without the use of software a hardware cannot work.eg. Printer, Mouse MS Office etc.
Firmware
Instructions written/embedded on a hardware are known as firmware e.g., BIOS instruction on ROM chip are called Firmware.
Liveware
Persons or the users, using Computers in day to day activity are known as liveware.
Generations of computer:
First Generation (1940-56):
The first generation computers used Vacuum tubes & Machine language was used for giving the
instructions. These computer were large in size & their programming was difficult task. The electricity consumption was very high. Some computers of this generation are ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC& UNIVAC-1.
Second Generation(1956-63):
In 2nd generation computers, Vacuum tubes were replaced by Transistors. They required only 1/10 of power required by Vacuum tubes. This generation computers generated less heat & were reliable. The first operating system developed in this generation.
The Third Generation(1964-71):
The 3rd generation computers replaced transistors with Integrated circuit known as chip. From
Small scale integrated circuits which had 10 transistors per chip, technology developed to MSI circuits with 100 transistors per chip. These computers were smaller, faster & more reliable. High level languages invented in this generation.
The fourth Generation(1972- present):
LSI & VLSI were used in this generation. As a result microprocessors came into existence. The computers using this technology known to be Micro Computers. High capacity hard disk were invented. There is great development in data communication.
The Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond):
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come.
Units of Memory:
The smallest unit is bit, which mean either 0 or 1.
1 bit = 0 or 1
1 Byte = 8 bit
1 Nibble = 4 bit
1 Kilo Byte = 1024 Byte= 210 Byte
1 Mega Byte = 1024 KB= 210 KB
1 Gega Byte = 1024 MB= 210 MB
1 Tera Byte = 1024 GB= 210 GB
1 Peta Byte =1024 TB= 210 TB
1 Exa Byte =1024 PB= 210 PB
1 Zetta Byte = 1024 EB= 210 EB
1 Yotta Byte = 1024 ZB= 210 ZB
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